23 results
23 - Prevention of Dyslexia and Dyscalculia: Best Practice and Policy in Early Education
- from Part IX - Best Practice – Diagnostics and Prevention
- Edited by Michael A. Skeide
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Handbook of Dyslexia and Dyscalculia
- Published online:
- 28 July 2022
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- 28 July 2022, pp 410-422
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Summary
Social and educational policy expectations regarding pre-primary education and care have changed in a fundamental way. For a long time, the main purpose of attending kindergarten was to foster the social, emotional, motor-related, and moral development of children. Nowadays, fostering children’s school-relevant skills in the domains of language, literacy, and mathematics are among the expectations of parents with regard to the educational mission of kindergartens (Roßbach and Hasselhorn 2014). As a consequence, a significant change in official guiding principles can be observed throughout the past decades (OECD 2011). Remarkably, up until the 1960s the prevailing opinion was that early learning achievement is mainly predisposed by innate skills. This view has been supplanted, however, by the idea that special support in early education can reduce children’s risk of only insufficiently acquiring basic academic skills during the primary school years.
Chapter 6 - Commentary
- from Part II - Children’s Memory Strategies
- Edited by Lynne E. Baker-Ward, North Carolina State University, David F. Bjorklund, Florida Atlantic University, Jennifer L. Coffman, University of North Carolina, Greensboro
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- Book:
- The Development of Children's Memory
- Published online:
- 28 May 2021
- Print publication:
- 10 June 2021, pp 79-90
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Summary
Numerous studies on the development of memory strategies have been carried out since the mid-1960s. Chapters 4 and 5 summarize major findings of this research program. My comments elaborate on core results in this field, focusing on interrelationships among strategy use, metacognitive knowledge, and domain knowledge during the course of childhood and adolescence. It is demonstrated that longitudinal research, in particular, research carried out in educational contexts, significantly adds to our knowledge in this field. Moreover, it is shown that research findings presented by Peter Ornstein and his colleagues considerably contributed to our understanding of children’s memory strategy development.
Identification of somatic and anxiety symptoms which contribute to the detection of depression in primary health care
- Katrin Barkow, Reinhard Heun, T. Bedirhan Üstün, Mathias Berger, Isaac Bermejo, Wolfgang Gaebel, Martin Härter, Frank Schneider, Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz, Wolfgang Maier
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 19 / Issue 5 / August 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, pp. 250-257
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Somatic symptoms and anxiety symptoms are often disregarded in the detection of depression in primary care. The present investigation examined to what extent somatic and anxiety symptoms recorded with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—Primary Health Care Version (CIDI—PHC) can improve the detection of depression as compared to the General Health Questionnaire—12-item version alone. Data from the World Health Organization study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care were used. The study sample consisted of primary care attenders from 15 centres from all over the world who underwent a psychiatric examination with the CIDI—PHC. Medically unexplained somatic symptoms (back pain, feelings of heaviness/lightness in parts of the body, periods of bodily weakness, seizures/convulsions, permanent tiredness, exhaustion after a minimum of effort) and—to a smaller extent—diverse anxiety symptoms (e.g. feelings of anxiousness/nervousness, feelings of tension, difficulties relaxing) significantly contributed to the detection of depression in a logistic regression analysis. The results confirm the observation that in primary care somatic symptoms play an important role in the manifestation of depressive disorders. The items investigated herein could prove beneficial for future depression screening instruments to improve the detection of depressive disorders in primary care.
The decay of isotropic turbulence carrying non-spherical finite-size particles
- Lennart Schneiders, Konstantin Fröhlich, Matthias Meinke, Wolfgang Schröder
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 875 / 25 September 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 July 2019, pp. 520-542
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Direct particle–fluid simulations of heavy spheres and ellipsoids interacting with decaying isotropic turbulence are conducted. This is the rigorous extension of the spherical particle analysis in Schneiders et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 819, 2017, pp. 188–227) to $O(10^{4})$ non-spherical particles. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first particle-resolved study on turbulence modulation by non-spherical particles of near-Kolmogorov-scale size. The modulation of the turbulent flow is precisely captured by explicitly resolving the stresses acting on the fluid–particle interfaces. The decay rates of the fluid and particle kinetic energy are found to increase with the particle aspect ratio. This is due to the particle-induced dissipation rate and the direct transfer of kinetic energy, both of which can be substantially larger than for spherical particles depending on the particle orientation. The extra dissipation rate resulting from the translational and rotational particle motion is quantified to detail the impact of the particles on the fluid kinetic energy budget and the influence of the particle shape. It is demonstrated that the previously derived analytical model for the particle-induced dissipation rate of smaller particles is valid for the present cases albeit these involve significant finite-size effects. This generic expression allows us to assess the impact of individual inertial particles on the local energy balance independent of the particle shape and to quantify the share of the rotational particle motion in the kinetic energy budget. To enable the examination of this mechanistic model in particle-resolved simulations, a method is proposed to reconstruct the so-called undisturbed fluid velocity and fluid rotation rate close to a particle. The accuracy and robustness of the scheme are corroborated via a parameter study. The subsequent discussion emphasizes the necessity to account for the orientation-dependent drag and torque in Lagrangian point-particle models, including corrections for finite particle Reynolds numbers, to reproduce the local and global energy balance of the multiphase system.
The high-temperature transformation of andalusite (Al2SiO5) into 3/2-mullite (3Al2O32SiO2) and vitreous silica (SiO2)
- Wolfgang Pannhorst, Hartmut Schneider
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- Journal:
- Mineralogical Magazine / Volume 42 / Issue 322 / June 1978
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 July 2018, pp. 195-198
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The high-temperature transformation of andalusite (Al2SiO5) into 3/2-mullite (3A2O32SiO2) plus vitreous silica (SiO2) has been studied within the temperature interval from 1300 to 1600 °C by means of X-ray powder and single-crystal techniques and by infrared spectroscopy. Results are interpreted in terms of a topotactic transformation in which (011) and (01) planes of andalusite transform into (20) and (201) planes of 3/2-mullite; in this way the a- and b-axes of the two phases are interchanged. From the structural and orientational relationship between the andalusite and 3/2-mullite latrices it is concluded that the aluminium-oxygen octahedral chains, running in both structures parallel to the crystallographic c-axis, are preserved during phase transformation.
Direct particle–fluid simulation of Kolmogorov-length-scale size particles in decaying isotropic turbulence
- Lennart Schneiders, Matthias Meinke, Wolfgang Schröder
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 819 / 25 May 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 April 2017, pp. 188-227
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The modulation of decaying isotropic turbulence by 45 000 spherical particles of Kolmogorov-length-scale size is studied using direct particle–fluid simulations, i.e. the flow field over each particle is fully resolved by direct numerical simulations of the conservation equations. A Cartesian cut-cell method is used by which the exchange of momentum and energy at the fluid–particle interfaces is strictly conserved. It is shown that the particles absorb energy from the large scales of the carrier flow while the small-scale turbulent motion is determined by the inertial particle dynamics. Whereas the viscous dissipation rate of the bulk flow is attenuated, the particles locally increase the level of dissipation due to the intense strain rate generated near the particle surfaces due to the crossing-trajectory effect. Analogously, the rotational motion of the particles decouples from the local fluid vorticity and strain-rate field at increasing particle inertia. The high level of dissipation is partially compensated by the transfer of momentum to the fluid via forces acting at the particle surfaces. The spectral analysis of the kinetic energy budget is supported by the average flow pattern about the particles showing a nearly universal strain-rate distribution. An analytical expression for the instantaneous rate of viscous dissipation induced by each particle is derived and subsequently verified numerically. Using this equation, the local balance of fluid kinetic energy around a particle of arbitrary shape can be precisely determined. It follows that two-way coupled point-particle models implicitly account for the particle-induced dissipation rate via the momentum-coupling terms; however, they disregard the actual length scales of the interaction. Finally, an analysis of the small-scale flow topology shows that the strength of vortex stretching in the bulk flow is mitigated due to the presence of the particles. This effect is associated with the energy conversion at small wavenumbers and the reduced level of dissipation at intermediate wavenumbers. Consequently, it damps the spectral flux of energy to the small scales.
Ab initio-guided design of twinning-induced plasticity steels
- Dierk Raabe, Franz Roters, Jörg Neugebauer, Ivan Gutierrez-Urrutia, Tilmann Hickel, Wolfgang Bleck, Jochen M. Schneider, James E. Wittig, Joachim Mayer
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- Journal:
- MRS Bulletin / Volume 41 / Issue 4 / April 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 April 2016, pp. 320-325
- Print publication:
- April 2016
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The twinning-induced plasticity effect enables designing austenitic Fe-Mn-C-based steels with >70% elongation with an ultimate tensile strength >1 GPa. These steels are characterized by high strain hardening due to the formation of twins and complex dislocation substructures that dynamically reduce the dislocation mean free path. Both mechanisms are governed by the stacking-fault energy (SFE) that depends on composition. This connection between composition and substructure renders these steels ideal model materials for theory-based alloy design: Ab initio-guided composition adjustment is used to tune the SFE, and thus, the strain-hardening behavior for promoting the onset of twinning at intermediate deformation levels where the strain-hardening capacity provided by the dislocation substructure is exhausted. We present thermodynamic simulations and their use in constitutive models, as well as electron microscopy and combinatorial methods that enable validation of the strain-hardening mechanisms.
Vitamin E supplementation is associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein only in higher dosages and combined with other antioxidants: The Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study
- Sigrid Schwab, Astrid Zierer, Andrea Schneider, Margit Heier, Wolfgang Koenig, Gabi Kastenmüller, Melanie Waldenberger, Annette Peters, Barbara Thorand
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 113 / Issue 11 / 14 June 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 April 2015, pp. 1782-1791
- Print publication:
- 14 June 2015
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The aim of the present study was to examine the association between intake of five common antioxidative nutrients from supplements and medications (vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, Se, and Zn) and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the general population. For this purpose, a total of 2924 participants of the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study (2006–8) were investigated cross-sectionally. Intake of dietary supplements and medication during the last 7 d was recorded in a personal interview, when participants were asked to show product packages of ingested preparations. Linear regression models were calculated; first, the exposure to regular nutrient intake was treated with a binary response (yes/no); then regularly ingested amounts were divided into quartiles to examine dose–response relationships. Effect of single v. combined supplementation of antioxidants was assessed through the inclusion of interaction terms into the models. Regular intake of any of the five investigated antioxidants per se was not associated with hs-CRP levels. However, dose–response analyses revealed that participants who regularly ingested more than 78 mg vitamin E/d, which corresponds to the upper quartile, had 22 % lower hs-CRP levels (95 % CI 0·63, 0·97) compared to those of persons who were not exposed to any vitamin E supplementation. Stratified analyses showed that this association was found only in persons who took vitamin E in combination with other antioxidants. The combined supplementation of vitamin E with other antioxidants could thus be a promising strategy for the prevention of inflammation-related diseases in the general population, if further studies could confirm that the proposed association is causal.
A mechanism for control of turbulent separated flow in rectangular diffusers
- Hayder Schneider, Dominic A. Von Terzi, Hans-Jörg Bauer, Wolfgang Rodi
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- Journal:
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 687 / 25 November 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 October 2011, pp. 584-594
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The turbulent separated flow through an asymmetric diffuser with and without manipulation of incoming turbulence-driven mean secondary vortices (MSVs) from a rectangular duct is investigated by large-eddy simulations. The simulations carried out for two diffuser geometries reveal that by introducing a small amount of mean-flow kinetic energy via the MSVs into the flow, the complex three-dimensional separation behaviour and pressure recovery can be effectively controlled. Manipulated MSVs were found to enhance cross-sectional transport of high-momentum fluid, which determined the location, shape, and size of the separation bubble. The integral effect was a delay or expedition in the onset of separation. This change strongly affected the conversion of mean-flow kinetic energy to pressure, in particular for the front part of the diffuser. In addition, a substantial reduction in total pressure loss could be achieved. The manipulation of the MSVs is an efficient mechanism for performance enhancement in the cases investigated. The results have important implications for both control and statistical modelling of turbulent separated flow in rectangular diffusers.
Contributors
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- By Arthur Barsky, Chris Burton, Richard Byng, Francis Creed, Jef de Bie, Christian Fazekas, Per Fink, Kurt Fritzsche, Alka Gudi, Else Guthrie, Constanze Hausteiner-Wiehle, Peter Henningsen, Peter Hindley, Kurt Kroenke, Astrid Larisch, Sing Lee, Kari Ann Leiknes, Charlotte Ulrikka Rask, Winfried Rief, Gudrun Schneider, Andreas Schröder, Michael Sharpe, Wolfgang Söllner, Athula Sumathipala, Christina van der Feltz, Weisblatt Emma, Peter White
- Edited by Francis Creed, University of Manchester, Peter Henningsen, Technische Universität München, Per Fink, Aarhus Universitet, Denmark
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- Book:
- Medically Unexplained Symptoms, Somatisation and Bodily Distress
- Published online:
- 05 August 2011
- Print publication:
- 14 July 2011, pp vii-viii
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Best N-term approximation in electronic structure calculations. II. Jastrow factors
- Heinz-Jürgen Flad, Wolfgang Hackbusch, Reinhold Schneider
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- Journal:
- ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis / Volume 41 / Issue 2 / March 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 June 2007, pp. 261-279
- Print publication:
- March 2007
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We present a novel application of best N-term approximation theory in the framework of electronic structure calculations. The paper focusses on the description of electron correlations within a Jastrow-type ansatz for the wavefunction. As a starting point we discuss certain natural assumptions on the asymptotic behaviour of two-particle correlation functions $\mathcal{F}^{(2)}$ near electron-electron and electron-nuclear cusps. Based on Nitsche's characterization of best N-term approximation spaces $A_{q}^{\alpha}(H^{1})$, we prove that $\left. \mathcal{F}^{(2)}\in A_{q}^{\alpha}(H^{1})\right. $ for q>1 and $\alpha=\frac{1}{q}-\frac{1}{2}$ with respect to a certain class of anisotropic wavelet tensor product bases. Computational arguments are given in favour of this specific class compared to other possible tensor product bases. Finally, we compare the approximation properties of wavelet bases with standard Gaussian-type basis sets frequently used in quantum chemistry.
Best N-term approximation in electronic structure calculations I. One-electron reduced density matrix
- Heinz-Jürgen Flad, Wolfgang Hackbusch, Reinhold Schneider
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- Journal:
- ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis / Volume 40 / Issue 1 / January 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 February 2006, pp. 49-61
- Print publication:
- January 2006
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We discuss best N-term approximation spaces for one-electron wavefunctions $\phi_i$ and reduced density matrices ρ emerging from Hartree-Fock and density functional theory. The approximation spaces $A^\alpha_q(H^1)$ for anisotropic wavelet tensor product bases have been recently characterized by Nitsche in terms of tensor product Besov spaces. We have used the norm equivalence of these spaces to weighted $\ell_q$ spaces of wavelet coefficients to proof that both $\phi_i$ and ρ are in $A^\alpha_q(H^1)$ for all $\alpha > 0$ with $\alpha = \frac{1}{q} - \frac{1}{2}$. Our proof is based on the assumption that the $\phi_i$ possess an asymptotic smoothness property at the electron-nuclear cusps.
Adherence to guidelines for treatment of depression in in-patients
- Frank Schneider, Martin Härter, Silke Brand, Petra Sitta, Ralph Menke, Ursula Hammer-Filipiak, Ralf Kudling, Andrea Heindl, Kurt Herold, Ulrich Frommberger, Olivier Elmer, Günter Hetzel, Gabriele Witt, Manfred Wolfersdorf, Mathias Berger, Wolfgang Gaebel
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 187 / Issue 5 / November 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 462-469
- Print publication:
- November 2005
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Background
Adherence to treatment guidelines enhances treatment outcome. However, in clinical practice many patients with depression do not receive appropriate treatment.
AimsTo evaluate the treatment of depression in in-patients of German psychiatric hospitals with respect to treatment outcome and adherence to guidelines.
MethodWe recruited 1202 in-patients with depression from ten different hospitals. Quality data concerning treatment were collected at admission, during the treatment course and at discharge.
ResultsThe level of depression was significantly decreased and most patients were satisfied with treatment. Many aspects of the treatment routine adhered to guideline recommendations. Adherence to guidelines could be improved with respect to adjustment of antidepressant dosage, reduction of benzodiazepine prescription, enhanced use of electroconvulsive therapy and wider use of interpersonal therapy.
ConclusionsThe study reveals a high standard of psychiatric treatment of in-patients with depression. Nevertheless there is still room for improvement. Differences between hospitals in adherence to guidelines indicates the need for individual application of quality management tools.
Macrobenthic animal assemblages of the continental margin off Chile (22° to 42°S)
- Maritza Palma, Eduardo Quiroga, Victor A. Gallardo, Wolf Arntz, Dieter Gerdes, Wolfgang Schneider, Dierk Hebbeln
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- Journal:
- Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom / Volume 85 / Issue 2 / April 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 March 2005, pp. 233-245
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A quantitative study of macrobenthos was carried out on three transects on the shelf and continental slope off Chile (22° to 42°S; from 100 to 2000 m water depth) within and beneath the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Macrobenthos mean densities ranged from 104 to 13 808 ind m−2, with highest values off Concepción (∼36°S), where highest chloroplastic pigment equivalents were also measured. Polychaetes were the numerically dominant group in all transects and depths, followed by peracarid crustaceans. Species richness and diversity correlated with observed changes in bottom-water oxygen concentrations and sediment-bound pigments. Our results show that the shelf macrobenthic communities were negatively affected by low oxygen. The non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis evidenced depth-related station groups which may be related to the different environments provided by the water masses involved. Indeed, the depth ranges of stations groups with their specific species inventories coincide quite well with the boundaries of the three important water masses in the region, the Equatorial Subsurface Water (∼50 m to ∼400 m depth), the Antarctic Intermediate Water (∼400 to ∼1200 m depth), and the Pacific Deep Water (>1200 m depth).
Identificación de los síntomas somáticos y de ansiedad que contribuyen a la detección de la depresión en la atención primaria
- Katrin Barkowa, T. Reinhard Heuna, T. Bedirhan Üstÿnb, Mathias Berger, Isaac Bermejo, Wolfgang Gaebeld, Martin Hárter, Frank Schneider, Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz, Wolfgang Maier
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry (Ed.Española) / Volume 11 / Issue 8 / November 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 May 2020, pp. 514-521
- Print publication:
- November 2004
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A menudo, se hace caso omiso de los smtomas somáticos y los síntomas de ansiedad en la detección de la depresión en atencion primaria. La presente investigacion examinó en qué medida los síntomas somáticos y de ansiedad registrados en la Entrevista Diagnostica Internacional Compuesta-Version de Atención Primaria (CIDI-PHC) pueden mejorar la detección de la depresión comparado con el Cuestionario de Salud General, versión de 12 elementos, solo. Se utilizaron datos del estudio de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre Problemas Psicológicos en Atención Sanitaria General. La muestra de estudio constaba de las personas que acudieron a los servicios de atención primaria de 15 centros de todo el mundo y se sometieron a un examen psiquiátrico con la CIDI-PHC. Los smtomas somáticos sin explicación médica (dolor de espalda, sensaciones de pesadez/ligereza en partes del cuerpo, períodos de debilidad corporal, crisis/convulsiones, cansancio permanente, agotamiento después de un esfuerzo mínimo) y -en menor medidasíntomas de ansiedad diversos (p. ej., sentimientos de ansiedad/nerviosismo, sentimientos de tensión, dificultades para relajarse) contribuyeron significativamente a la detección de la depresión en un análisis de regresión logística. Los resultados confirman la observación de que, en la atención primaria, los síntomas somáticos desempefian un papel importante en la manifestacion de los trastornos depresivos. Los elementos investigados aquí podrían resultar beneficiosos para que futuros instrumentos de deteccion selectiva de la depresivos en la atención primaria.
Sr(Ti, Fe)O3-δ Exhaust Gas Sensors
- Thomas Schneider, Christoph Peters, Stefan Wagner, Wolfgang Menesklou, Ellen Ivers-Tiffée
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 828 / 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2011, A3.7/K4.7
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- 2004
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Sr(Tix, Fe1-x)O3-δ solid solutions were found to change their temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) from negative to positive as iron increasingly substitutes for titanium, with the TCR tending towards zero at × = 0.35. This composition, Sr(Ti0.65Fe0.35)O3-δ thus shows temperature independent characteristic.
For the development of a planar type sensing element for automotive applications, Sr(Ti, Fe)O3-δ has to be applied as a thick film. To confirm the sensor characteristic temperature independence (at T = 750…950 °C, p O2 = 10−5…1 bar) and fast response times (t90 = 6.5 ms at 900 °C), both key issues of Sr(Ti, Fe)O3-δ, thick film sensors have to be maintained over the entire lifetime. In this work, the structural and electrical properties of the sensor are investigated with regard to the chemical stability of the sensing element.
Nonword reading across orthographies: How flexible is the choice of reading units?
- USHA GOSWAMI, JOHANNES C. ZIEGLER, LOUISE DALTON, WOLFGANG SCHNEIDER
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- Journal:
- Applied Psycholinguistics / Volume 24 / Issue 2 / June 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 June 2003, pp. 235-247
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It was predicted that children learning to read inconsistent orthographies (e.g., English) should show considerable flexibility in making use of spelling–sound correspondences at different unit sizes whereas children learning to read consistent orthographies (e.g., German) should mainly employ small-size grapheme–phoneme strategies. This hypothesis was tested in a cross-language blocking experiment using nonwords that could only be read using small-size grapheme–phoneme correspondences (small-unit nonwords) and phonologically identical nonwords that could be decoded using larger correspondences (large-unit nonwords). These small-unit and large-unit nonwords were either presented mixed together in the same lists or blocked by unit size. It was found that English children, but not German children, showed blocking effects (better performance when items were blocked by nonword type than in mixed lists). This suggests that in mixed lists, English readers have to switch back and forth between small-unit and large-unit processing, resulting in switching costs. These results are interpreted in terms of differences concerning the grain size of the phonological recoding mechanisms developed by English and German children.
Oled Matrix-Displays
- Dirk Metzdorf, Eike Becker, Thomas Dobbertin, Soeren Hartmann, Dirk Heithecker, Hans-Hermann Johannes, Anis Kammoun, Henning Krautwald, Thomas Riedl, Christian Schildknecht, Daniel Schneider, Wolfgang Kowalsky
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 769 / 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, H4.2
- Print publication:
- 2003
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The field of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) has matured considerably within recent years and first products are commercially available. After a brief review of the improvement of individual OLEDs we will focus on research topics for the preparation of passive matrix (PMOLED), active matrix (AMOLED) and full color displays. To date, the properties of organic matrix displays basically meet consumer product requirements. Anyhow an industrial cheap fabrication technology for reliable displays is not established yet. To meet the industrial demands for device fabrication a new horizontal in-line vacuum system for a massproduction compatible device manufacturing was installed. For material saving large area coatings the system accommodates up to 7” × 13” substrates. Different PMOLED-Displays based on vacuum deposited organic compounds have been prepared by various fabrication techniques. We demonstrate a 2 inch organic display with 24 × 32 single pixels and 0.9 × 0.9 mm2 pitch whereby cathode texture was achieved using photoresist barriers featuring a distinct undercut. Due to the inherent limitations of multiplexing and in order to satisfy the need for large area, high resolution displays the basic concepts for an active matrix addressing scheme are dealt with. In this regard transparent and electrically inverted top-side emitting diodes (IOLEDs) will be demonstrated. The latter are advantageous for the incorporation of powerful nchannel thin film transistors in the AMOLED driver backplanes. An all-organic smart pixel device comprising a single Pentacene based organic field effect transistor (OFET) and a conventional OLED was successfully prepared. Furthermore a new flash-sublimation technique for the spatially selective deposition of small organic molecules will be presented. We prepared OLEDs comprising flash-deposited Tris-(-8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3) and Alq3 doped with DCM2 which demonstrate the suitability of this technique for preparation of fullcolor displays based on small organic molecules.
10 - The development of metacognitive knowledge in children and adolescents
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- By Wolfgang Schneider, University of Würzburg, Germany, Kathrin Lockl, University of Würzburg, Germany
- Edited by Timothy J. Perfect, Bennett L. Schwartz
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- Book:
- Applied Metacognition
- Published online:
- 22 September 2009
- Print publication:
- 14 November 2002, pp 224-258
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Summary
Historically, research on the development of metacognition, that is, knowledge about cognition, dates back to the work of Jean Piaget and his claim that young children do not know that there are such things as conceptual, perceptual, and emotional perspectives of points of view. Piaget and his colleagues used the concept of egocentrism to interpret the findings of their developmental studies on a wide variety of social-cognitive topics such as perceptual perspective taking, and understanding of thoughts, dreams, or intentions. Although there is broad agreement today that young children are not as egocentric as Piaget believed them to be, his claim that perspective-taking abilities and related psychological knowledge develop quickly over time has been confirmed in numerous studies (see Flavell, 2000).
A second line of research on metacognitive development was initiated in the early 1970s by Brown, Flavell, and their colleagues (for reviews, see Brown et al., 1983; Flavell, Miller, and Miller, 1993). At the very beginning, research focused on knowledge about memory, which was coined “metamemory” by Flavell (1971). Later on, the concept was broadened and termed “metacognition” (Flavell, 1979). Metacognition was defined as any knowledge or cognitive activity that takes as its cognitive object, or that regulates, any aspect of any cognitive activity (Flavell et al., 1993, p. 150). Obviously, this is a very broad conceptualization that includes people's knowledge of their own information-processing skills, as well as knowledge about the nature of cognitive tasks, and about strategies for coping with such tasks.